Bay Corporation Ltd. เบย์ คอร์ปอเรชั่น จำกัด - ผู้นำด้านฉนวนกันความร้อนครบวงจร      มาตรฐาน ISO 9001:2000      นโยบายคุณภาพ "คุณภาพมาตรฐาน บริการเป็นเลิศ"

 Conversion Factors

  Length   in ft m
1 in
1 ft
1 m 		=
=
=		 1
12
39.37		 0.083
1
3.28		 0.0254
0.3048
1
  Area   in ² ft ² m ²
1 in²
1 ft²
1 m² 		=
=
=		 1
1444
1550		 0.0069
1
10.764		 0.00064516
0.0929
1
  Volume   in ³ ft ³ UK gallon liter m ³
1 in³
1 ft³
1 UK gallon
1 liter
1 m³

=
=
=
=
=

1
1728.701
277.412
61.024
61023.38		 0.0005784
1
0.16047
0.0353
35.315		 0.0036
6.2317
1
0.22
219.975		 0.016387
28.317
4.546
1
1.000		 0.000016387
0.0283
0.004546
0.001
1
  Mass   lb tonne ton kg
1 lb
1 tonne
1 ton
1 kg		 =
=
=
=		 1
2204.6
2169.776
2.2046		 0.00045359
1
1.01605
0.001		 0.00046088
0.984204
1
0.0009842		 0.45359
1000
1016.05
1
  Force   lbf kgf N
1 lbf
1 kgf
1 N		 =
=
=		 1
2.204
0.2248		 0.4536
1
0.102		 4.448
9.81
1
  Velocity   m/s ft/s ft/min
1 m/s
1 t/s
1 ft/min
 =
=
=		 1
0.3048
0.00508		 3.2808
1
0.01667		 196.85
60
1
  Power   BTU/h hp W
1 BTU/h
1 hp
1 W		 =
=
=		 1
2.544
3.412		 0.393
1
1.341		 0.2931
0.7457
1
  Pressure   lbf/in ² lbf/ft ² kgf/m ² kPa=kN/m ² atm.
1 lbf/in
1 lbf/ft²
1 kgf/m²
1 kPa=kN/m²
1 atm.		 =
=
=
=
=		 1
0.00694
0.00142
0.145
14.692		 144
1
0.2048
20.886
2116.27		 703
4.883
1
102
10335.15		 6.895
0.04788
0.00981
1
101.325		 0.06806
0.0004725
0.000096757
0.009869
1
  Density lb/ft ³ kg/m ³
1 lb/ft³
1 kg/m³ 		=
=		 1
0.06243		 16.0185
1
  Temperature ° F K ° C
x F
x K
x C 		=
=
=		 x
9/5(x-273)+32
9/5x + 32 		5/9(x-32)+273
x
x + 273 		5/9(x-32)
x-273
x
  Energy BTU kcal kJ kWh
1 BTU
1 kcal
1 kJ
1 kWh		 =
=
=
=		 1
3.968
0.948
3414		 0.252
1
0.239
860		 1.055
4.187
1
3600		 0.00029
0.001163
0.000278
1
  Heat Capacity BTU/lb kcal/kg kJ/kg
1 BTU/lb
1 kcal/kg
1 kJ/kg		 =
=
=		 1
1.7998
0.43		 0.5556
1
0.2389		 2.3263
4.187
1
  Specific Heat BTU/lb°F kcal/kg°C kJ/kgK
1 BTU/lb°F
1 kcal/kg°C
1 kJ/kgK
 =
=
=		 1
1
0.2386		 1
1
0.2389		 4.1912
4.187
1
  Thermal Conductivity BTU/fth°F BTU in/ft²h°F kcal/mh°C W/mK
1 BTU/fth°F
1 BTU in/ft²h°F
1 kcal/mh°C
1 W/mK		 =
=
=
=		 1
0.0833
0.672
0.578		 12
1
8.064
6.933		 1.488
0.124
1
0.860		 1.73
0.1442
1.163
1
  Thermal Conductance BTU/in ²h°F BTU/ft ²h°F kcal/m ²h°C W/m ²K
1 BTU/in²h°F
1 BTU/ft²h°F
1 kcal/m²h°C
1 W/m²K		 =
=
=
=		 1
0.0694
0.00142
0.00122		 144
1
0.2048
0.1761		 703
4.882
1
0.860		 818
5.678
1.163
1
  Thermal Resistivity   ft ²h°F/BTU in mh°C/kcal mK/W
1 ft²h°F/BTU in
1 mh°C/kcal
1 mK/W		 =
=
=		 1
0.124
0.14423		 8.06
1
1.163		 6.9334
0.86
1
  Heat Flow Flat Surface BTU/ft ²h kcal/m ²h W/m ²
1 BTU/ft²h
1 kcal/m²h
1 W/m² 		=
=
=		 1
0.3687
0.317		 2.712
1
0.86		 3.155
1.163
1
  Heat Flow Pipe BTU/fth kcal/mh W/m
1 BTU/fth
1 kcal/mh
1 W/m		 =
=
=		 1
1.209
1.04		 0.8268
1
0.86		 0.9615
1.163
1
  Permeability perm g/Ns perm in g m/Ns
1 perm
1 g/Ns
1 perm in
1 g m/Ns

=
=
=
=

 1
17.5
-
-		 0.05715
1
-
-		 -
-
1
689.655		 -
-
0.00145
1

  Steel Pipe Sizes According to ASTM Recommended Practice C.450-76


Nominal pipe size


inches


Outer diameter


inches


Inner diameter Lapinus Pipe sections

mm
3/8
1/2
3/4
0.675
0.840
1.050
17
21
27
1
1 ¼
1 ½
1.315
1.660
1.900
33
42
48
2
2.375
60
2 ½
3
2.875
3.500
76
89
3 ½
4.000
102
4
4.500
114
4 ½
5.000
127
5
5.563
140
6
6.625
169
7
7.625
194
8
8.625
219
9
9.625
245
10
10.750
273
12
12.750
324
14
14.000
356
16
16.000
406
18
18.000
456
20
20.000
508
22
22.000
558
24
24.000
610
26
26.000
660
28
28.000
712
30
30.000
762
32
32.000
813
34
34.000
864
36
36.000
915

  Radiation Coefficients

   
Radiation Coefficient
W/m2K4
aluminum polished
               rough
               painted
0.35
0.50
2.50
steel galvanized dirty
        galvanized bright
        rusted
        rolled
2.50
1.50
4.00
4.50
copper, oxidized
4.00
black body
5.77
water-ice
5.30
paper
5.37
gypsum
5.21
painted surfaces
5.30
aluminum
    painted surfaces

2.50

  Specific Heat Capacities and Densities

Fluid
Specific heat capacity
(kJ/kg K)
Density
kg/m³
ammonia

4.45
5.07

(-50  °C)
(50 °C)
 695
561
(-50  °C)
(50 °C)
benzene 1.73
1.97
(20 °C)
(100 °C)
879
793
(20 °C)
(100 °C)
bitumen 2.09 - 2.30 1020 - 1060
butane 2.28
(0 °C)
 601
(0 °C)
castor oil 1.80 960
chlorine 0.89
0.93
(-50  °C)
(0 °C)
 1598
1469
(-50  °C)
(0 °C)
chloroform 0.97
1.28
(0 °C)
(100 °C)
 1526
1433
(0 °C)
(50 °C)
ethane 3.52
4.81
(-150  °C)
(-100  °C)
622
(-150  °C)
ethanol 2.40
(20  °C)
 789
(20  °C)
ethene 2.43
2.41		 (-150  °C)
(-100  °C) 		564 (-100  °C)
fluel oil 1.67 915
glycerol 2.26
2.81		 (0 °C)
(100 °C) 		1273
1209		 (0 °C)
(100 °C
methane 3.52 (-150  °C) 409 (-150 °C)
methanol 1.42 (25  °C) 790 (20 °C)
methyl
   chloride		 1.50
1.55		 (-50  °C)
(0 °C) 		1050
960		 (-50 °C)
(0 °C)
mineral oil 1.67 450 - 950
muriatil acid 3.64 1639
nitric acid 1.72 1502
nitro benzene 1.47
1.51		 (20 °C)
(60 °C) 		1203
1147		 (20 °C)
(50 °C)
oil of turpentine 1.76 870
olive oil 1.97 910
petrol 2.09 700-740
petroleum 2.14 800
phenol 2.20 (50 °C) 1050 (50 °C)
sulfuric acid 1.42 1834
tar 2.09 (0-100 °C) 1200
toluene 1.61
1.97		 (0 °C)
(100 °C) 		885
793		 (0  °C)
(100 °C)
water 4.22
4.18		 (0 °C)
(50 °C)		 1000
988		 (0 °C)
(50 °C)


BAY  CORPORATION LIMITED

3/2   Moo 3, Soi Khunmahadthai , Bangbuathong-Nonthaburi Bridge Rd., Pakkred, Nonthaburi 11120

Tel: (02) 926-0111 ( 12 Lines ) Fax : (02) 926-0123-4